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Photo: Pack Memorial Library
Olive Tilford Dargan was born on a farm in Kentucky on January 11, 1869. Ten years later the family moved to the Missouri Ozarks, where her parents founded a school. At age fourteen, Olive became their assistant, teaching forty students in a one-room school ranging in ages from six to twenty. At seventeen, she won a scholarship to Peabody College and, upon graduation, taught in Arkansas and Texas before attending Radcliffe.
At Radcliffe she met Pegram Dargan, a South Carolina poet then a senior at Harvard. After a year’s teaching in Nova Scotia, she returned to Boston and renewed her friendship with Dargan. When she moved to Blue Ridge, Georgia, to write, the poet followed her there, and they subsequently married and settled down in New York City.
It was there that Olive Tilford Dargan began her literary career in 1904 with the publication of poetic dramas and lyric poetry. While in college, she had gone on a camping trip to the mountains of North Carolina and had vowed to have a home there one day, a dream that was fulfilled in 1906 when the Dargans bought Horizon Farm on the Nantahala River in Swain County. Having dependable tenants allowed them to travel extensively, and Olive spent much of her time in England. There she completed a non-fiction work, The Welsh Pony, followed by her first book of mountain poetry, Path Flower and Other Verses.
When her husband drowned off the coast of Cuba in 1915, Dargan returned to the North Carolina mountains and spent most of her time there until the farmhouse burned in 1923. During this period, she published three distinctly different collections of poetry. The Cycle’s Rim (1916), a collection of sonnets dedicated to her late husband, won a $500 prize from the Southern Society of New York. Lute and Furrow (1922) contained lyrical verse inspired by her love for the mountains, as does The Spotted Hawk (1958), which won the Roanoke-Chowan Poetry Award.
After moving to Asheville in 1925 she wrote the collection of short stories many consider her best work, Highland Annals, and three novels under the pen name Fielding Burke, as well as a final book of verse and a last short story collection. Dargan is widely considered to be one of the best authors ever to come out of the Appalachian South. Few have surpassed her in the description of mountain beauty or in her sympathy for the less fortunate.
Two of her novels revolve around the role of mountain migrants in the Gastonia Mill strike, and the third, Sons of the Stranger (1947), takes place in Colorado during a coal mine strike in which the National Guard machine-guns a tent city full of evicted miners. Call Home the Heart (1932) is the first of these novels, and generally considered the most powerful. Although published 58 years after her first book, Dargan’s last, Innocent Bigamy and Other Stories, still revealed enormous talent. One of her most treasured accolades was an honorary degree bestowed upon her in 1925 by the University of North Carolina. She died on January 22, 1968, eleven days after her 99th birthday.
from
Highland Annals
New York: Scribners, 1925
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VIII
"A Proper Funeral"
We were on our way to see Uncle Nathe Ponder buried. Serena was as happy as she could be with decency, considering our solemn destination. She had not been away from home for several months, and her joyous reaction could be suppressed only intermittently. But, at any time, her laughter was pleasantly low of key, as if she were softly trying it out before subjecting you to the full flow that never came.
And Serena was infectious. I had set out with my mind meditatively intrenched on the going down of men into the grave; the passing of man himself, of earth, of suns, of systems, with no full-grown hope of any immortal salvage; but Serena, pulsingly aware in a significant world, soon restored me to stature as a member of a community bent on giving due honor to one whose days among them had been spent with the vividness that amounts to virtue among a people who look to life for their drama instead of the stage and the morning papers.
We had left home early because of Len’s prediction that we should have to walk after reaching Red Hog Gap, the entrance to Silver Valley. "But we’ll be in two miles o’ the graveyard then," he said, "an’ can pick it up in no time." Uncle Nathe’s farm lay in Silver Valley township only four miles, by crow’s wing, northwest of mine, but the descent over cliffs and crags was hazardous and we had set off in exactly the opposite direction, walking the two miles down to Beebread, where Arnold Weaver was waiting on the new highway with his car - the first automobile to become a local pride in our part of the mountains. We soon sailed over the few miles of highway and reached Scatter, the next railroad-station below Beebread, where we turned into the narrow mountain road leading to Uncle Nathe’s country. Here we began to come upon people who were walking to the funeral, and it was here that our car, through Len’s cordiality, became so firmly packed. He extended invitations until the seats, the floor, and the running-boards would hold no more. "You’re payin’ fer the whole car," he said, "an’ might as well git yer money’s worth."
We were bouncing heavily along over the rutty road when ahead of us we saw a young man whose brisk step was certainly not of the highlands. There were various unsuccessful conjectures as to his identity, and suddenly Len called out: "Hey, Arn, stop yer shooter! It’s Ann Lindsay’s boy!"
"He’d have to set ’tween yer big toe an’ the long un," said Arn. "I ain’t goin’ to stop no more."
"But he’s come all the way from C’lumby to be at Uncle Nathe’s buryin’."
"He didn’t walk only from Scatter."
"I’ll jump out an’ let him set in my place."
"You ain’t got any place. You’re settin’ on the tip aidge o’ nothin’."
But Arn stopped the car. "Here, Bake," said Len, "I’m gittin’ out, an’ you hop in. Reckon you know me?"
"Len Merlin!" cried the stranger. "You caught that fox yet?"
"No, he’s waitin’ fer ye."
"Can’t get him this trip. Got to hurry back. Go on, Arn, with your baggage. I’m walking to rest myself. Been on the train since last night. I’ll see you all over the hill."
His refusal of the "seat" was positive, and we moved on, but not far. We were climbing the hill leading to Red Hog Gap and Len’s prediction came true. The car refused to take the last lap over the hill, though we gave it an opportunity to do its best, by dropping out and scattering as readily as overripe plums from a suddenly shaken bough. With good cheer we began our walk to the graveyard. When nearly there we were overtaken by Bake Lindsay, and Len picked up their broken conversation.
"What yer hurryin’ to git back fer ? You ain’t been in sence when?"
"Not since I was married," said Lindsay, "and that’s five years. I started soon as I heard about Uncle Nathe."
"Is he really a nephew of Mr. Ponder ?" I asked of the woman walking nearest to me, for with the whole country calling him "uncle," the blood-kin were left without distinction.
"No, he ain’t no nephew," she said in a tone that I had learned to recognize as a shut trail in Unakasia. The story was not for me, an outsider. Even Len and Serena had turned a gently impassive front to my very reasonable interest in Uncle Nathe’s family history. But Serena now stepped up and said intimately: "Jest wait, Mis’ Dolly. We’ll go to dinner with Aunt Lizy Haynes. Uncle Nathe’s half-brother, Ranz, is stayin’ there, an he’s shore to let loose after the buryin’. When Uncle Ranz lets loose it’s something else, I’m tryin’ to tell ye. They won’t be any more questions to ast when he gits through." Then she moved over to Bake. "It’s fine, yore comin’ in, Bake," she said.
"Of course I wanted to be at the funeral, but," he explained honestly, "I’ve come mainly to get mother."
"She goin’ back with you ?" cried half a dozen voices.
"She’s promised to. I’ve been trying to get her to come out to me and Jenny ever since we’ve been married." Then his voice seemed to struggle a little. "Before we tied up, Jenny gave me her word that she’d be good to mother, and I know she’ll keep it."
"You got any young-uns?" asked Len, and Bake said he had a little boy. They had named him Nathan.
"That tickled Uncle Nathe, I reckon," said the woman who had answered me the moment before. Then she hastened to cover her indiscretion. "’Course y’all have been on his place a long time, an’ he’s been mighty good to ye."
"He’s been good to ever’body," said another.
"I reckon he has," said Bake, and we entered the graveyard. It was to be a Masonic funeral. Uncle Nathe’s popularity would have drawn a large attendance, but the presence of the Fraternity made the occasion an event in Silver Valley’s history. Nathan Ponder had been the only Freemason in his township, a member of the distant lodge in Carson, and for years he had not been in active attendance there, but he had left a request to be buried by the brethren, and they had gallantly responded.
"That’s Elmer Jenkins," whispered Serena of a man who was prominent in the ceremony. "He’s a lawyer, come up from South C’liny ’bout a year ago, ’count of his wife’s health, an’ settled in Carson."
"Looks like," said another voice, "that they could ’a’ got along ’thout a furriner to tell ’em what to do."
"He’s high up in the lodge," said Uncle Ranz Ponder, the half-brother of Uncle Nathe, "an’ he seems mighty frien’ly."
The old and impressive service was solemnly conducted to the end, and there was a general breaking-up, amid a conflict of invitations for everybody to go home with everybody else for dinner.
"We’ll go with Aunt Lizy," said Serena. "They’s a lot been astin’ me, but they ain’t none of ’em pulled the buttons off my clo’s tryin’ to take me with ’em, an’ I know we’ll be full welcome at Aunt Lizy’s. Uncle Ranz, he’s her cousin, he’ll be there, like I said."
So Mrs. Haynes’s invitation was accepted. Serena and I were to stay until the next day but Len and the daughter, Lonie, were to return that evening to look after the children, the cows, and the chickens.
The brethren who had come out from Carson returned to town, with the exception of Lawyer Jenkins, who, probably was thinking of profitable affiliations with the remote but fertile valley. I observed him reading the headstones around the new-made grave, and it seemed to me that he was afflicted with a growing concern. He turned, with a question, to the man nearest him, who happened to be Len.
"Am I to understand that our good brother was married four times?"
"You shore air," said Len. "There lays four of as good wives as a man ever had. Them tombstones don’t tell no lies. They’s all ’fore my time, savin’ Aunt Lindy, his last ’un, but I’ve hearn enough to know what they wuz."
"But four? Isn’t it a little unusual?"
"Well, maybe it is, but Uncle Nathe wuzn’t no hand to set at home by hissef."
At that moment, to Len’s apparent relief, Aunt Lizy came up, and we found that Mr. Jenkins also had accepted her invitation. He walked with her husband Uncle Dan’l Haynes, and I gathered from drifting fragments of their conversation that Mr. Jenkins was still on the trail of Uncle Nathe’s connubial history.
At the dinner-table he pleased all of the guests by introducing the topic from which they were politely holding back. "I have been learning from our kind host," he said, eying with favor his selected piece of fried chicken, "what this loss means to the community."
"Yes," some one responded, "it knocks all of us, losin’ Nathe does."
"There is some property too, I believe. I trust there is harmony among the heirs."
"They’re all behavin’ fine," said Aunt Lizy, with some heartiness.
"Our brother was married several times, I understand. Did - er - all of his wives leave issue ?"
"Young-uns? No, Aunt Lindy never had any, ner Lu Siler, but Callie had a little feller that died - Rufe, they called him. An’ Ponnie, his fust wife, left four, all livin’ yit. They git along together fust-rate."
"I wonder what Ponnie would ’a’ said," reflected Uncle Dan’l, "ef somebody had told her Nathe wouldn’t be buried alongside o’ her."
"Well," said Uncle Ranz, "I’d ruther not hear what Ponnie would ’a’ said."
"I say it ought to ’a’ been Lindy he wuz laid by," asserted Aunt Lizy. "She lived with him the longest an’ worked the hardest."
"She didn’t think a grain more o’ him than Lu Siler did," returned Uncle Dan’l.
"Our brother expressed no preference?" inquired Mr. Jenkins.
"You mean which un did he want to lay ’longside of? No, he wuzn’t a man to put one wife ’fore another. He left that to us."
"Very thoughtful, I take it," said the lawyer. "A strong character certainly. I am sorry I never knew him." And he mused a little on the bed-rock qualities of the old mountaineer.
"We meant," explained Uncle Dan’l, "to lay Nathe by his fust wife, Ponnie, but when we dug down there we struck a rock that would ’a’ had to be blasted out, an’ we’s afeard it would shake up the graves. We couldn’t lay him t’other side o’ her, ’cause her two childern wuz there, an’ then come Lindy, his last wife, so we decided to dig jest beyant Lindy. But about four feet down we come to water that turned ever’thing inter mud - it wuz that spring, I reckon, that sinks inter the ground above the graveyard - an’ we had to go to the upper row where Callie an’ little Rufe an’ Lu wuz layin’. We couldn’t put him by Lu, ’cause she wuz in the aidge o’ the Ponder lot, right next to Randy Hayes in Bill Hayes’s lot, an’ it jest had to be Callie er nothin’."
Comments followed, various and spirited, with citations of other instances, historic and contemporary, and the dinner was over. Mr. Jenkins regretted that he must leave us. He was urged to stay, in the politest highland manner, but when the door had closed behind the respected "furriner," the immediate relaxation in the air showed that the hour of restraint had been heroically prolonged.
"Harmony!" exclaimed Aunt Lizy. "An’ there’s Angie Sue claimin’ ever’thing her daddy had. There won’t be a scrap left when they all git through fightin’."
The general glance slanted toward me, and I began to think that I ought to have disappeared with Mr. Jenkins, though the fact that I was under Serena’s native wing had done much to vouch for me.
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Books
After the Game. Boston, Mass.: Atlantic Monthly Co., 1921.
At the Gate. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917.
Ballad of the Rich Suitor. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917.
Beyond War. Riverside, Conn.: Hillacre Bookhouse, 1915.
Call Home the Heart. London; New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1932.
The Cycle’s Rim. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916.
The Flutter of the Goldleaf, and Other Plays. [With Frederick Peterson]. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922.
The Fourth Watch. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1918.
Francesca. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920.
From My Highest Hill: Carolina Mountain Folks. Philadelphia, Pa.: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1941.
Highland Annals. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925.
Innocent Bigamy, and Other Stories. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, 1962.
Lords and Lovers, and Other Dramas. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1906.
Lute and Furrow. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922.
The Mortal Gods and Other Plays. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1912.
Path Flower, and Other Verses. London: J.M. Dent & Sons; New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1914.
Semiramis and Other Plays. New York: Brentano’s, 1904.
Songs of a City. New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1926.
Sons of the Stranger. New York: Longmans, Green, 1947.
The Spotted Hawk. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, 1958.
A Stone Came Rolling. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1935.
The Welsh Pony, Described in Two Letters to a Friend. Boston, Mass.: Privately printed for C.A. Stone, 1913.
Ms. Dargan was also a frequent contributor of poetry and fiction to periodicals, including Atlantic Monthly and Scribner’s Magazine.
Additional information on Ms. Dargan and her work can be found in:
Ackerman, Kathy C. "Olive Tilford Dargan: Recovering a Proletarian Romantic." Ph.D. dissertation, University of South Carolina, 1991.
Chesnut, Saralyn. "The Difference Within: Southern Proletarian Writers Olive Dargan, Grace Lumpkin, and Myra Page." Ph.D. dissertation, Emory University, 1994.
Lathrop, Virginia T. "Olive Tilford Dargan." North Carolina Libraries 18 (Spring 1960): 68-76.
Love, Catherine. "A Sketch of Mrs. Olive Tilford Dargan." M.A. thesis, University of South Carolina, 1919.
"Olive Tilford Dargan." In Library of Southern Literature. Edited by Edwin A. Alderman, Joel Chandler Harris, and Charles William Kent. New Orleans, La.: Martin & Hoyt, 1909. 1195-1223.
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